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Lake Untersee
Lake Untersee ((ドイツ語:Untersee,) "Lower Lake") is the largest surface freshwater lake in the interior of the Gruber Mountains of central Queen Maud Land in East Antarctica. It is situated to the southwest of the Schirmacher Oasis. The lake is approximately long and wide, with a surface area of , and a maximum depth of . The lake is permanently covered with ice and is partly bounded by glacier ice.
Lake Untersee is an unusual lake, with pH between 9.8 and 12.1,〔 dissolved oxygen at 150 percent supersaturation, and very low primary production in the water column. Despite the high oxygen supersaturation in most of the lake, there is a small sub-basin at the southern end that is anoxic and its sediments may have a higher methane concentration than those of any other known lake on Earth.〔 Much of the primary production is in microbial communities that grow on the floor of the lake as stromatolites. The water temperature varies between and and the ice cover on the lake is thick.〔〔 The ice cover may have persisted for over 100,000 years, and some scientists studying climate change fear significant environmental changes associated with global warming in the coming decades.〔 In the past, the water chemistry of the lake has been compared to Clorox.〔/〕 However, the chemical activity of bleach is due to Cl− in addition to a pH that is higher than that measures in Lake Untersee, and Lake Untersee does not have high chlorine concentrations, let alone high chlorite concentrations.〔〔
==Geography==
Lake Untersee lies in the interior of the Gruber Mountains of central Queen Maud Land in East Antarctica, which is roughly on the same longitude as Huab, in the Skeleton Coast National Park on the northern coast of Namibia. It is situated 90 kilometres (56 mi) to the southwest of the Schirmacher Oasis.
The lake is approximately long and wide and has a surface area of ( is also reported). Its maximum depth is . It is permanently covered with ice, which has an average thickness of in summer.〔 The lake is dammed by the Anuchin Glacier, and meltwater from the Anuchin Glacier is the main source of water.〔 The lake has no outlet. Water is lost through sublimation and ablation of the ice cover. The lake is categorized as an ultra-oligotrophic lake.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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